What is Organic Chemistry? Organic chemistry is a branch of scientific study of the chemistry of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds. Organic compounds are built primarily by carbon and hydrogen and may contain other elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, halogen, and sulfur.
The original definition of organic chemistry came from the misconception that all organic compounds must have derived from living organisms, but it has been proved that there are some exceptions. In fact, life is also very dependent on inorganic chemistry; for example, many enzymes which base its work on transition metals such as iron and copper, as well as teeth and bone composition is a mixture of the organic and inorganic compound. Another example is the HCl solution, this solution plays a major role in the process of digestion is nearly the entire organism (particularly of higher organisms) uses HCl to digest the food, which is also classified in inorganic compounds. Regarding the element carbon, inorganic chemicals usually associated with simple carbon compounds that do not contain the bonds between carbon for example oxides, salts, acids, carbide, and minerals. But this does not mean that no single carbon compounds in organic compounds, for example, methane and its derivatives.
There are a lot of application of organic chemistry in everyday life, such as in the fields of food, medicine, fuel, dyes, textiles, perfumes, and so forth.
Definition of Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry focuses on the study of the structure, composition, and synthesis of compounds containing carbon
Every year, organic chemists make discoveries that are useful in enhancing drugs, helped agricultural growth, understanding the human body and perform tasks that countless important for most people.
History
Organic chemistry as a science is generally agreed had begun in 1828 with the organic synthesis of urea by Friedrich Woehler, who inadvertently vaporize a solution of ammonium cyanate NH4OCN. developments from time to time increased
Classification of Organic Compound
Functional group
Family carboxylic acid containing carboxyl functional groups (-COOH). Acetic acid is one example.
The concept of the functional group in organic chemistry is very important because it serves to characterize the structure and to predict its characteristics. Functional groups can affect the physical and chemical properties of an organic compound. The molecules grouped on the basis of functional groups. Alcohol, for example, has a subunit C-O-H. All alcohols tend to be hydrophilic, usually form esters.
Aliphatic compounds
Aliphatic hydrocarbons can be divided into three homologous series is based on the level of saturation:
Paraffin/alkanes without any double bonds or triple bonds,
olefin, or alkene containing one or more double bonds, for example, in-olefin (diene) or polyolefin.
alkyne having one or more triple bonds.
In addition to these classified by cluster functions. Compounds that there could be a straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic. The degree of branching determines its characteristics.
Aromatics
Benzene is one of the most aromatic compounds known as one of the simplest and most stable.
Aromatic hydrocarbons containing double bonds conjugated. That means that each carbon atom in the ring sp2 hybridized so that adds to stability. The most common example is benzene structure formulated by Kekulé.
Heterocyclic compounds
Characteristics of cyclic hydrocarbons will change if there is a heteroatom in it, which can be present in the form of substituents attached to the outside of the ring (exocyclic) or as part of the ring (endocyclic). Pyridine and furan are examples of aromatic heterocyclic while piperidine and tetrahydrofuran are examples of heterocyclic alicyclic.
Polymer
Swimming boards made of polystyrene, a polymer sample.
One of the important characteristics of carbon is ready to join forces to form chains or networks through bonds. The merger process called polymerization, while the chain or network formed is called a polymer. The compound was originally called monomers.
There are two main groups of polymers exist: synthetic polymers and biopolymers. Synthetic polymers deliberately and often referred to the polymer industry. Biopolymer appears in nature without human intervention.
Usability Organic Compounds
Alcohol
- Methanol, as fuel and solvents
- Ethanol, solvents perfume, paint, varnish and antiseptic
- Spiritus, a spirit lamp Fuel
- Glycol, polyester fiber, and Film Making MAGNETIC
- Glycerol, Making lotion Sundries & cosmetics, inks, and Substitutes Supplementary Material laxative glycerol
Ether
- Ethoxy Ethane, as an anesthetic and is solvent
- aldehydes
- the resin produced for review, dyestuffs, and Medicine
- formaldehyde, to review the polymer Manufacture And as reagents Other organic compounds
- Mixed materials perfume
Ketones
- Widely used hearts perfume industry
- Dryer material laboratory equipment
- Nail polish remover/nail polish
- Solvent in industry (such to review the cat, varnish, etc.)
Carboxylic acid
- Ethanoic acid, as Manufacture SELULOSA acetate, Chemicals and preservatives photography FOOD
- Ethanoic acid, as Manufacture dyes, insecticides, perfumes, medicines and Plastics
- Carboxylic acid, as the material for make ester
Ester
- As the essence IN FOOD And Beverage
- Butter And Soap Making Materials
- Nail polish remover/nail polish
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